লিনাক্স এবং ইউনিক্সে সব কিছুই ফাইল. ডিরেক্টরি, ফাইল, ডিভাইস সবই ফাইল. ডিভাইসগুলোকে সাধারনত নোড হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করা হয়. তারপরেও এরা আসলে ফাইলই
Linux and Unix file systems are organized in a hierarchical, tree-like
structure. The highest level of the file system is the /
or root directory. All other files and directories exist under the root
directory. For example, /home/konqi/kubuntu.odt
shows
the correct full path, or absolute path, to the kubuntu.odt
file that exists in the konqi
directory, which is under
the home
directory, which in turn is under the root
(/
) directory.
Underneath the root (/
) directory is a set of important
directories common to most Linux distributions. The following is a listing of
common directories that are directly under the root (/
)
directory:
/bin
Important commands, which historically have been binary, but may also be shell scripts.
/boot
Boot configuration files, kernels, and other files needed at boot time.
/dev
The device files.
/etc
Configuration files, startup scripts, etc.
/home
Home directories for different users.
/initrd
Used when creating a customized initial RAM Disk.
/lib
System libraries.
/lost+found
Provides a lost+found system for files that exist under the
root (/
) directory.
/media
Automatically mounted (loaded) removable media such as CDs, digital cameras, etc.
/mnt
Manually mounted filesystems on your hard drive.
/opt
Provides a location for optional (3rd party) applications to be installed; these are usually statically compiled and can be used in other versions or Linux distributions.
/proc
Special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes.
/root
Root user's home directory, pronounced "slash-root".
/sbin
Important system binaries and scripts, usually intended to be run as the root user.
/srv
Can contain files that are served to other systems.
/sys
Similar to the /proc filesystem, but contains system information not related to running processes.
/tmp
temporary files.
/usr
Applications and read-only files that are mostly available for all users to access.
/var
variable files such as logs and databases.