Linuxis ja Unixis on iga asi fail. Kaustad on failid, failid on failid ja seadmed on failid. Seadmetele viidatakse tavaliselt kui sõlmedele, kuid nad on siiski failid.
Linuxi ja Unixi failisüsteemid on organiseeritud hierarhilises, puu-sarnases struktuuris. Failisüsteemi kõrgeim tase on /
või juurkataloog. Kõik teised failid ja kataloogid eksisteerivad juurkataloogi all. Näiteks, /home/konqi/kubuntu.odt
näitab korrektset täielikku asukohta või absoluutset asukohta failile kubuntu.odt
, mis eksisteerib konqi
kataloogis, mis on home
kataloogis, mis on omakorda (/
) juurkataloogis.
Underneath the root (/
) directory is a set of important
directories common to most Linux distributions. The following is a listing of
common directories that are directly under the root (/
)
directory:
/bin
Important commands, which historically have been binary, but may also be shell scripts.
/boot
Boot configuration files, kernels, and other files needed at boot time.
/dev
The device files.
/etc
Configuration files, startup scripts, etc.
/home
Home directories for different users.
/initrd
Used when creating a customized initial RAM Disk.
/lib
System libraries.
/lost+found
Pakub lost+found süsteemi failidele, mis eksisteerivad ainult (/
) juurkataloogis .
/media
Automaatselt ühendatud (laetud) eemaldatav meedia, nagu CD-d, digitaalkaamerad jms.
/mnt
Manually mounted filesystems on your hard drive.
/opt
Provides a location for optional (3rd party) applications to be installed; these are usually statically compiled and can be used in other versions or Linux distributions.
/proc
Special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes.
/root
Root user's home directory, pronounced "slash-root".
/sbin
Important system binaries and scripts, usually intended to be run as the root user.
/srv
Can contain files that are served to other systems.
/sys
Similar to the /proc filesystem, but contains system information not related to running processes.
/tmp
temporary files.
/usr
Applications and read-only files that are mostly available for all users to access.
/var
variable files such as logs and databases.